Macrocyclic lactones

This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional.
Macrocyclic lactones are a class of chemical compounds that are commonly used as antiparasitic agents. They are effective against a wide range of parasites, including roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, lice, mites, and some insects. Macrocyclic lactones are often used in veterinary medicine to treat animals, but they are also used in human medicine to treat certain parasitic infections.
How Macrocyclic Lactones Work:
Macrocyclic lactones work by binding to glutamate-gated chloride channels in the nerve cells of parasites. This causes the channels to open, allowing chloride ions to flow into the cell. This influx of chloride ions disrupts the normal electrical activity of the nerve cell, leading to paralysis and death of the parasite.
Common Macrocyclic Lactones:
Some of the most common macrocyclic lactones include:
* Ivermectin: Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug that is effective against a wide range of parasites, including roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, lice, mites, and some insects. It is available in a variety of formulations, including oral tablets, topical creams, and injectable solutions.
* Moxidectin: Moxidectin is another broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug that is effective against a wide range of parasites, including roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, lice, mites, and some insects. It is available in a variety of formulations, including oral tablets, topical creams, and injectable solutions.
* Selamectin: Selamectin is a topical antiparasitic drug that is effective against fleas, ticks, ear mites, and roundworms in cats and dogs. It is available in a topical solution that is applied to the skin once a month.
Safety and Side Effects:
Macrocyclic lactones are generally safe for use in animals and humans. However, they can cause side effects in some individuals, such as vomiting, diarrhea, and skin irritation. It is important to talk to your doctor or veterinarian before using macrocyclic lactones, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have any underlying health conditions.
Important Note:
Macrocyclic lactones are prescription medications and should only be used under the supervision of a doctor or veterinarian. It is important to follow the instructions on the label carefully and to use the medication exactly as prescribed.
This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional.
Yes, macrocyclic lactones can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in large doses. This is especially true in certain dog breeds with a genetic mutation that affects the P-glycoprotein transporter, which normally prevents certain substances from entering the brain. In these breeds, even normal doses of macrocyclic lactones can cause neurotoxicity.
However, in healthy individuals, the BBB effectively blocks the passage of macrocyclic lactones into the brain at therapeutic doses. This is why macrocyclic lactones are generally safe for use in humans and animals when used as directed.
It is important to note that the BBB is not a perfect barrier, and some substances can still cross it under certain conditions. For example, during inflammation or injury, the BBB can become more permeable, allowing larger molecules to pass through. This is why it is important to use macrocyclic lactones as directed and to talk to your doctor or veterinarian if you have any concerns.
This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional.
Yes, Collies and other herding breeds are more sensitive to ivermectin due to a genetic mutation in the MDR1 gene. This mutation affects the P-glycoprotein transporter, which normally prevents certain substances, including ivermectin, from entering the brain. In Collies with this mutation, ivermectin can accumulate in the brain, leading to neurotoxicity.
Symptoms of ivermectin toxicity in Collies can include:
* Lethargy
* Tremors
* Seizures
* Blindness
* Coma
If you suspect your Collie has been exposed to ivermectin, it is important to seek veterinary care immediately. Treatment for ivermectin toxicity may include supportive care, such as IV fluids and medications to control seizures.
To prevent ivermectin toxicity in Collies, it is important to:
* Avoid using ivermectin-containing products on Collies.
* Talk to your veterinarian about safe alternatives for heartworm prevention and flea and tick control.
* Have your Collie tested for the MDR1 mutation before using any medications that could be affected by this gene.
If you have any questions or concerns about ivermectin and Collies, please consult with your veterinarian.


The most commonly used macrocyclic lactones in veterinary medicine include:
* Ivermectin: One of the most widely used macrocyclic lactones, effective against a broad spectrum of parasites.
  
* Moxidectin: Another broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug, often used for heartworm prevention in dogs.
  
* Selamectin: Primarily used as a topical treatment for fleas, ticks, and ear mites in cats and dogs.
  
* Doramectin: Used in livestock to control internal and external parasites.
  
* Eprinomectin: Used in livestock to control internal and external parasites.
  
These macrocyclic lactones are highly effective and widely used in veterinary medicine due to their broad-spectrum activity and safety profile. However, it's important to consult with a veterinarian to determine the most appropriate macrocyclic lactone for your specific animal and its needs.